发展教育环境--Developing an Educational Environment

理想的教育环境提供了各种各样的游戏区域，旨在让您的孩子有机会从事身体，社会和认知发展的活动。 在为您的孩子设计教育环境时，需要考虑几件事情。 您希望在积极的游戏和安静的游戏区域之间保持平衡。 凌乱的活动应该靠近沉没和清理区。 分开的水槽应可用于手洗和食物准备。 教室也应该如此组织，使运行最小化。 交错的表会阻止这种情况。 需要包括超时空间。 材料应易于接近。 孩子们还需要一个地方存放他们的个人物品。 儿童不安全的材料应储存在安全区域。 还应有一个传单和其他信息与家长沟通的区域。

The ideal educational environment offers a diverse range of play areas geared towards allowing your children the chance to engage in activities that develop themselves physically, socially, and cognitively. When designing an educational environment for your children there are several things to consider. You want to maintain a balance between areas for active play and quiet play. Messy activities should be close to sinks and clean-up areas. Separate sinks should be available for hand washing and food preparation. The classroom should also be so organized that running is minimized. Staggered tables will prevent this. Time out spaces need to be included. Materials should be easily accessible. Children also need an area to store their personal belongings. Materials not safe for children should be stored in a safe area. There should also be an area for fliers and other information to communicate with parents.

一般来说，教室应该有五个学习领域，一个是一个舒适的地方。 普通学习中心包括：

块
戏剧性戏剧
艺术
手法
识字/书籍/资源库
科学/发现
音乐与运动
沙和水
电脑
户外区域

这些中心每个都有不同的学习技能。 教师应确保儿童在学习中心之间平均分布，以免任何一个中心太拥挤，从而让每个儿童空间发挥。

In general, a classroom should have five learning areas, one being a cozy place. Common learning centers include:

Blocks
Dramatic Play
Art
Manipulative
Literacy/Books/Library
Science/Discovery
Music and Movement
Sand and Water
Computers
Outdoor Area

Each of these centers develops different learning skills. Teachers should make sure that children are spread out evenly between learning centers so that no one center is too crowded, thereby allowing each child space to play.

块中心有助于开发以下领域
社会/情感：孩子们通过共享障碍和决定一起建立什么来学习与其他孩子一起工作。
物理：操纵块产生平衡感和精细运动技能。
认知：玩块可以让孩子重新创造自己观察到的东西，如汽车，建筑物，桥梁等。
语言：教师应鼓励孩子沟通他们所建造的东西。 表达真正的兴趣，并提出有趣的问题。 当他们试图描述他们的创作时，通过发展自己的词汇来帮助孩子。

Block Centers help in the development of the following areas
Social/Emotional: children learn to work with other children by sharing blocks and deciding what to build together.
Physical: manipulating blocks develops a sense of balance and fine motor skills.
Cognitive: playing with blocks allow children to recreate things they have observed in nature such as cars, buildings, bridges, etc.
Language: teachers should encourage children to communicate what they have built. Show a genuine interest and ask engaging questions. Help children by developing their vocabulary when they are trying to describe their creations.

戏剧游戏区
社会/情感：孩子们通过决定谁扮演什么角色，通过他们应该采取什么话题，以及如何描绘每种情况来学习谈判。
身体：穿上和扣上衣服，发展出良好的运动技能。
认知：当他们假装他们表现出他们曾经或曾经看过的经验。
语言：孩子通过解释他们在做什么来发展他们的语言。

Dramatic Play Area
Social/Emotional: children learn to negotiate by deciding on who plays what role, by what topic they should act out, and how to portray each situation.
Physical: putting on and buttoning up clothes develops fine motor skills.
Cognitive: when they pretend they are acting out past experiences they have had or have seen.
Language: children develop their language by explaining to each other what they are doing.

艺术中心
社会/情感：艺术是儿童表达自己感觉的天赋。
物理：切纸，拿铅笔或刷子，操作粘土或物体都是优秀的运动技能的发展。
认知：孩子们创造他们所知道的东西。 创造艺术帮助他们学会计划，组织，决定和表达自己的想法。
语言：教师应该鼓励孩子沟通他们正在做的事情，以及他们如何做这个事情的想法。 教师应留书收集儿童绘画，观察他们正在做的进度。

Art Center
Social/Emotional: Art is a natural vehicle for children to express their feelings.
Physical: cutting paper, holding pencils or brushes, manipulating clay or objects all are excellent for the development of fine motor skills.
Cognitive: Children create things they know. Creating art helps them learn to plan, organize, make decisions, and represent their ideas.
Language: Teachers should encourage children to communicate what they are making and how they had the idea to make this thing. Teachers should keep a book to collect children's drawings and observe progress they are making.

操纵中心（几何形状和块开发数学和计数技能以及解决问题的其他难题）：
社会/情感：孩子轮流学习合作。 孩子们也可以通过互相帮助来共同合作。
身体：孩子练习手眼协调，同时把形状放在一起。
认知：操纵发展早期数学技能，如计数，系列，匹配，图案化和分类。
语言：该领域开发描述物体的形状，大小，数量和颜色的技能。 他们学习描述事物的顺序，方向，并进行其他视觉辨别。

Manipulative Center (geometric shapes and blocks to develop math and counting skills as well as other puzzles for the development of problem solving):
Social/Emotional: Children learn to cooperate by taking turns. Children can also learn to work together by helping each other.
Physical: Children practice hand-eye coordination while putting shapes together.
Cognitive: manipulative develop early math skills such as counting, seriation, matching, patterning, and classification.
Language: this area develops skills in describing shapes, size, number, and color of objects. They learn to describe the order of things, the direction, and make other visual discriminations.

识字/书籍/资源库
社会/情感：了解人们 - 他们是如何相同或不同的。 他们在学习别人如何处理挑战方面发展同情心。
物理：处理书本和翻页可以发展出良好的运动技能。 学习集中和观察发展眼肌。
认知：阅读发展符号的理解（一个男孩的图片与“男孩”相关）。 有孩子的故事讲述他们的序列。 阅读教导他们观察和描述。
语言：开发阅读，写作，听力和口语。

Literacy/Books/Library
Social/Emotional: learn about people-how they are the same or different. They develop empathy in learning how others have dealt with challenges.
Physical: handling books and turning pages develops fine motor skills. Learning to focus and observe  develops eye muscles.
Cognitive: Reading develops an understanding of symbols (a picture of a boy is related to the word "boy"). Having children retell stories teaches them sequence. Reading teaches them to observe and describe.
Language: develops reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

科学/发现
社会/情感：科学发展合作。如果你的班级有一个活的动物，科学领域可以发展同情，因为孩子们照顾和玩宠物。
物理：使用科学设备，例如种植种子或使用滴眼仪，可以发挥精细的运动技能。
认知：科学教孩子分类，比较，测量，计数和图表。
语言：孩子们开发语言来描述事物的外观，触觉，味道，嗅觉和声音。

Science/Discovery
Social/Emotional: Science develops cooperation. If your class has a living animal the science area can develop empathy as the children care for and play with the pet.
Physical: Using science equipment such as planting seeds or using an eye dropper develops fine motor skills.
Cognitive: Science teaches children to classify, compare, measure, count, and graph.
Language: Children develop language to describe how things look, touch, taste, smell, and sound.

音乐与运动
社会/情感：音乐既能平息和激发孩子，从而教导他们一系列的情绪。音乐类型之间的转换进一步帮助他们了解和调节这些情绪。
身体：跳舞是发展大运动技能的一个很好的活动。
认知：玩跳舞游戏，像做围巾飞行教授认知技能。
语言：通过听音乐和音乐互动，儿童发展语言技能。

Music and Movement
Social/Emotional: Music can both sooth and excite children thereby teaching them a range of emotions. Transitioning between types of music further helps them understand and regulate these emotions.
Physical: Dancing is an excellent activity to develop gross motor skills.
Cognitive: Playing dancing games, like making a scarf fly teaches cognitive skills.
Language: By listening and interacting with music children develop language skills.

沙和水
社会/情感：鼓励孩子们在建立水坝，护城河或沙村时共同合作。
身体：范围界定和挖沙发展运动技能。
认知：学习水沙如何行为和如何操纵他们发展认知技能包括对物理学的基本理解。
语言：沙滩水游戏非常适合开发描述性语言，包括沙和水的感觉或描述沙子或水的身体运动。

Sand and Water
Social/Emotional: encourages children to work together as they build a dam, moat, or sand village.
Physical: scoping and digging sand develop gross motor skills.
Cognitive: learning how water and sand behave and how to manipulate them develops cognitive skills include a basic understanding of physics.
Language: Sand and water play is great for developing descriptive language including how the sand and water feel or in describing the physical motion of sand or water.

电脑
社会/情感：在电脑上工作独立。也可以为课堂上的“计算机专家”提供信心和领导实践。
物理：键盘发展出良好的运动技能。
认知：计算机有助于弥合具体和抽象思维之间的差距。
语言：电脑提供机会学习许多与电脑相关的技术词汇。

Computers
Social/Emotional: Working on computers develops independence. It can also give confidence and leadership practice to those "computer experts" in the class.
Physical: Keyboards develop fine motor skills.
Cognitive: Computers help bridge the gap between concrete and abstract thinking.
Language: Computers offer the chance to learn many computer related technical words.


户外区域
社会/情感：学习如何进行户外活动，例如爬上丛林健身房或在秋千上摇摆，发展自信和自豪。
身体：因为孩子越来越久坐，因此放置户外时间越来越重要。户外时间发展良好的运动技能，并且抗击早期儿童肥胖症的发病。
认知：户外是一个自然的科学实验室。孩子们可以学习植物，花卉和花园。他们可以品尝水和雪。有足够的质感感觉。鼓励孩子每天都要外出，即使在轻微的雨中也能进一步增加感受体验的范围。确保父母在孩子身上装备适当的衣服，在寒冷，炎热或下雨的天气下玩耍。
语言：学习昆虫，植物的名称和每个特征的发展词汇。

Outdoor Area
Social/Emotional: learning how to perform outdoor activities such as climb on a jungle gym or swing on a swing develops self-confidence and pride.
Physical: Because children are becoming increasingly more sedentary it is ever more important to set aside outdoor time. Outdoor time develops fine motor skills as well as combats the onset of early childhood obesity.
Cognitive: The outdoors are a natural scientific laboratory. Children can study plants, flowers, and gardens. They can taste water and snow. There are ample texture to feel. Children should be encourage to go outside every day, even during mild rain to further increase their range of sensory experiences. Make sure parents equip their children with proper clothing to play outside on cold, hot, or rainy days.
Language: Learning the names of insects, plants, and the characteristics of each develops vocabulary.

培养孩子的社会情感技能--Developing your child's social-emotional skills

孩子在生活中的整体成功比智力或能力更重要，社交情感技能更为重要。发展社会情感技能使孩子们能够：

与别人相处;
遵循指示;
识别和规范情绪;
坚持一个任务;
从事社交交流与合作玩耍;
正确解释别人的行为和情绪;
对自己感觉良好
解决问题。

正如你所看到的，社会情感技能是生活日常工作的核心。一个发展社会情感技能的孩子能够轮流，知道她感觉到什么情绪，并且知道如何让自己平静下来。如果你的孩子与社会情感技能斗争，这里有5个活动可以帮助她发展。

当你的孩子感到沮丧的时候，和她一起工作来表达自己的感受。如果你的孩子很伤心，请与她确认。例如，“我知道你很伤心，我们不能再在公园玩了”。你也可以命名你的感受，“当我陷入交通时，我感到很沮丧。”

不要停止消极的情绪。当你的孩子看到任何情绪时，一定要为他们识别。 “你太开心啦，看看你脸上的微笑！”

当你生气时，模特儿会为你的孩子安抚自己。深呼吸。向你的小孩解释你在做什么“我现在很生气，我要深吸一口气，算是五点。”

当你看到你的孩子生气时，模仿他们的深呼吸。

当你的孩子出现问题时，他们会考虑如何一起解决问题。有时，如果您认为自己的孩子将会遇到困难，那么最好给您的孩子选择。 “你现在很生气，我们现在要离开公园了，我离开之前怎么样再放一个玩具，你想要在秋千上还是在幻灯片上？

Social-emotional skills are more essential to a child's overall success in life than intelligence or ability. Developing social-emotional skills prepares children to:

get along with others;
follow directions;
identify and regulate emotions;
persist on a task;
engage in social conversation and cooperative play;
correctly interpret the behavior and emotions of others;
feel good about oneself;
solve problems.

As you can see, social-emotional skills are at the heart of all of life's daily tasks. A child who has developed social-emotional skills is able to take turns, know what emotions she is feeling, and know how to calm herself down. If your child struggles with social-emotional skills here are 5 activities you can do to help her develop them.

1. When your child is frustrated, work with her to name her feelings. If your child is sad, identify it with her. For example, "I know you are feeling sad that we can't play at the park anymore." You can also name your feelings, "I feel so frustrated when I am stuck in traffic."

2. Don't stop at negative emotions though. When you see any emotion in your child be sure to identify it for them. "You are so happy Lily! Look at that smile on your face!"

3. When you are angry, model calming yourself for your child. Take deep breaths. Explain to your child what you are doing. "I'm feeling angry now, I am going to take a deep breath and count to five."

4. When you see your child getting angry, model deep breathing for them.

5. When your child has a problem help them think about how to solve it together. Sometimes it is best to give your child options if you think they will have trouble deciding what to do. "You are mad that we have to leave the park now. How about I let you go on one more toy before we leave. Do you want to go on the swing or down the slide?"